Jiang Zeming 301

iang Zemin (jyäng` zŭ`mĭn`), 1926–, Chinese government official, general secretary of the Chinese Communist party (1989–2002) and president of China (1993–2003), b. Jiangsu prov. Trained as an electrical engineer, Jiang joined the party in 1946, was an industrial executive, and became minister of the Chinese electronics industry in 1983. Elected mayor of Shanghai in 1985, he also became first deputy secretary, then (1988) secretary of the Shanghai Communist party. A member of China's politburo since 1987, he was named to succeed Zhao Ziyang Zhao Ziyang or Chao Tzu-yang , 1919–2005, Chinese Communist leader. Active as a local party leader during World War II, by the 1960s he was party secretary of Guangdong prov.
..... Click the link for more information. as Communist party general secretary after the army crushed prodemocracy demonstrations in Beijing and other cities in 1989. A protégé of Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping or Teng Hsiao-p'ing , 1904–97, Chinese revolutionary and government leader, b. Sichuan prov. Deng became a member of the Chinese Communist party while studying in France (1920–25).
..... Click the link for more information. , he replaced Deng as head of the powerful government and party military commissions (1989–90) and was picked by Deng to succeed him. Regarded as a political pragmatist, Jiang consolidated power, extended Deng's economic reforms, and brought about the admission of private business owners into the party's membership. He also increased China's influence in international affairs, and brought China into the World Trade Organization. He retired as party leader in Nov., 2002, and president in Mar., 2003; Hu Jintao Hu Jintao , 1942–, Chinese political leader, b. Jixi, Anhui prov. A hydroelectric engineering graduate (1965) of Qinghua Univ., he joined the Chinese Communist party in 1964 and worked for the ministry of water conservancy until 1974, when he transferred to the
..... Click the link for more information. succeeded him in both positions. Jiang retained his positions on the military commissions until Sept., 2004.